Monday, October 18, 2010

Separating Mixtures :D

Basis for separation: different components , different properties
Strategy: Divide a process that decreases between different properties and different components.

Separation:
- The more similar properties are it is difficult to separate them
ex. oil and water

Other Techniques of Separation:
Filtration: select components by the size of their particles
Floatation: select components by density
Crystallization and Extraction: select components by solutions
Distillation: select components by their boiling points

Hand Separation and Evaporation:
- Hand separation (solid and solid)
- Evaporation (solid dissolves in liquid)
- Boiling the liquid the solid remains as it is

Filtration:
- solids no dissolve in liquids

File-FilterDiagram.svg.png


Crystallization:
- Solid and Liquid
- Solids are separated by filtration
- Solution is a solid
- Solid is cooled and creates pure crystals
- Crystals are then filtered again
File-SnowflakesWilsonBentley.jpg

Gravity Separation:
- solid based
- separation allowing denser components to settle


























Solven Extraction:
- better if a solvent mixture dissolve in only component.
- MECHANICAL MIXTURES use liquids to dissolve solid
- Solution: the solvent will dissolve substances and will leave unwanted substances behind. 

Distillation:  
- Liquid to Liquid
- Low boiling points can cause a mixture to vaporize
- The liquid with the lowest boiling temperature will boil first

Chromatography:
- Different speed components can flow over the material at different speed.
- Are able to separate very complex mixtures (drugs, plastic, foods etc.

Sheet Chromatography:
1) Paper Chromatography:
        - Is in a stationary phase
        - appear as spots separated on a paper after it dries
2) Thin Layer Chromatography:
        - In a stationary phase that absorbs (AL2, O3, SiO2) [covering it with glass will absorb more quickly]
        - appear as spots on a sheet
imgres.jpginsect_chromatography.jpg

                


                       







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